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Clipos™ ATP Encapsulated Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) Liposomes, Lyophilized

Catalog:CDEAPG-1040

Unit Size
Price
$1980

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Specifications QA & Reviews
StorageLiposomal ATP products should always be stored in a freezer at at -40 °C or -80 °C. Upon adding water to proliposomes, liposomes are formed. These liposomes should be used immediately due to very rapid hydrolysis of ATP. The leftover liposomes in liquid form that are not immediately used can be discarded safely in drain.
AppearanceWhite lyophilized powder
DescriptionAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most abundant and primary carrier of the required energy for various functions in cells. Prolonged ischemia and reperfusion, anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation can lead to a dramatic decrease of ATP, cell swelling and rupture, and finally cell death by necrotic, necroptotic, apoptotic, and autophagic mechanisms. Due to drastic hydrolysis of ATP in vivo by ectoenzymes and poor cellular penetration, the direct delivery of ATP to the ischemic tissues is difficult. To increase delivery of ATP to the tissues and protect from enzymatic degradation, encapsulation in liposomes has been proposed and demonstrated in various models of ischemia.Studies on myocardial, liver,retina and wound healing ischemia have shown the ability of liposomal encapsulated ATP to prevent cell death and tissue dysfunction following ischemic events. The encapsulation of ATP in liposomes markedly promotes its effectiveness by preventing the hydrolysis by extracellular enzymes, increasing ATP circulation time and enhancing its intracellular penetration. Depending on the type of the cell line and the target organ various types of liposomes with different surface charges such as anionic, cationic and neutral has been studied by various groups. Moreover, ATP encapsulated liposomes has been demonstrated to improve energy state and function of the cold-stored liver.
Lipid compositionDOPG/DOPC/Cholesterol (10/60/30 molar ratio)
Liposome Size100 nm (after hydration)
Lipid Molar Concentration1.5 μmol/Vial
BufferPhosphate Buffered Saline, pH 7.4
Shelf-life6 months.
Technical NotesDue to very rapid hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ATP liposome formulations are all freeze dried. Leftover liposomes in liquid form that are made after hydration of the lyophilized proliposome formulation can not be used or kept in refrigerator for future use due to rapid hydrolysis on ATP. Liposomes are formed upon hydration of the lyophilized formulation. Very large percentage of ATP molecules will remain encapsulated inside the liposomes but some percentage will be free and in non-encapsulated form after hydration of the freeze dried formulation. Free ATP molecules usually does not have any negative impact upon injection of the formulation to the animal or upon adding the formulation to the cell cultures. Trehalose is used as a lyoprotectant in all freeze dried liposome formulation. The size distribution after hydration of the freeze dried formulation will be around 100 nm.
Encapsulated DrugATP (0.5 μmol/vial)
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