Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization-Carboxylation (-COOH)

Carboxylation is a reaction in organic chemistry that usually refers to the chemical transformation process of the carboxyl group of an acid. The acid carboxyl group is a functional group composed of the hydroxyl group and the carbonyl group in the carboxylic acid molecule, usually expressed as -COOH. Carboxylation reactions involve the conversion, modification, or removal of acid carboxyl groups and can produce different organic compounds.

The surface of nanoparticles can be carboxylated, which is often used to modify the surface properties of the nanoparticles or to functionalize them to meet specific application needs. This process involves the introduction of carboxyl functional groups onto the surface of nanoparticles to allow for specific interactions with other compounds or biomolecules. CD Bioparticles is dedicated to cutting-edge nanotechnology research. We have created an advanced nanomaterial modification platform that can be used to carboxylate modify the side and terminal groups of various nanoparticles.

Introduction to Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization-Carboxylation

Surface carboxylation of nanoparticles is an important nanomaterial surface modification technology, which is achieved by introducing carboxyl functional groups (-COOH) on the surface of nanoparticles. This process typically involves reacting organic compounds with the surface of the nanoparticles, thereby giving the nanoparticles a layer of carboxyl modification. This modified layer gives the nanoparticles new chemical properties and functions.

Figure 1. Carboxylated silver nanoparticles. (Daisuke Saeki, et al.; 2018)

Carboxylation modification can make the surface of nanoparticles more hydrophilic, which helps to improve their dispersion and stability in solution. This is critical for the use of nanoparticles in areas such as drug delivery, biomedical imaging, and the synthesis and application of nanomaterials. In addition, the surface functional groups of carboxylated nanoparticles can also be used to connect other organic or biological molecules, thereby expanding their application scope, such as for the preparation of targeted nanomaterials with specific biological activities or for specific biomolecules.

The specific features of nanoparticle surface carboxylation include:

• Introduction of carboxyl functional groups: The carboxylation process is achieved by introducing carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups on the surface of nanoparticles, and these carboxyl functional groups become the main functional groups on the surface.
• Improved hydrophilicity: Carboxylation makes the surface of nanoparticles more hydrophilic because the carboxyl functional groups can interact with water molecules, improving the dispersion and stability of nanoparticles in aqueous solutions.
• Enhanced chemical activity: Carboxylation modification endows nanoparticles with new chemical activities, enabling them to undergo specific chemical reactions with other compounds, expanding their application areas, such as serving as catalysts in catalytic reactions or as specific biomolecules in biosensors detector.
• Improved biocompatibility: Carboxylated nanoparticles generally have better biocompatibility, which makes them potentially useful in drug delivery, biomedical imaging, and biomedical applications, allowing them to interact more effectively with cells and tissues in organisms.
• Introduction of targeted functions: The surface carboxyl groups of carboxylated nanoparticles can be used to connect other biomolecules or drugs to achieve targeted delivery, allowing the nanoparticles to accurately deliver drugs or other biologically active substances to specific cells or tissues.

Our Featured Services

Carboxylation Services Based on Reaction Type:

• Esterification and carboxylation: Carboxyl groups are introduced on the sides or ends of nanoparticles through an esterification reaction, usually using acid anhydrides or acid chloride compounds.
• Aldehyde-ketone carboxylation: Use aldehyde or ketone compounds to react with nanoparticles to introduce carboxyl groups.
• Electrophilic carboxylation: the introduction of a carboxyl group through an electrophilic addition reaction, such as an electrophilic substitution reaction.

Carboxylation Services Based on Nanoparticle Type:

• Polymer Nanoparticle Carboxylation Services
  Polymer nanoparticles can be used as vehicles for drug delivery, gene delivery, and vaccine delivery. Through carboxylation services, their surface chemistry can be tuned to achieve specific drug release kinetics.
• Metal Nanoparticle Carboxylation Services
  Gold Nanoparticles (AuNP): Gold nanoparticles have wide applications in biomedical imaging, drug delivery, and catalysis. Carboxylation of groups can increase their affinity to biomolecules, making them more potential for biomedical applications.
  Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs): Iron oxide nanoparticles are widely used in biomedical imaging and magnetically guided drug delivery. Carboxylation can enhance its stability and targeting in vivo.
• Silica Nanoparticle Carboxylation Services
  Silica Nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs): Silica nanoparticles are versatile carriers used in drug delivery, imaging, and catalysis. Carboxylation can improve drug loading and controlled release properties.
  Organic-inorganic composite nanoparticles: Combining organic matter with silica nanoparticles can introduce organic functional groups through radical carboxylation, thereby enabling more diverse applications such as biosensing and optical imaging.
• Nanoparticle Hybrid Carboxylation Services
  Nanocomposites: Mixing different types of nanoparticles, such as gold nanoparticles and magnetic nanoparticles, can achieve surface modification through radical carboxylation services to meet a variety of application needs, such as combination therapy and multi-modal imaging.
• Carbon Nanomaterial Carboxylation Services
  Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Carbon nanotubes have important applications in electronics, sensor technology, and drug delivery. Carboxylation of groups can improve its dispersion and functionalization to meet the needs of different fields.
  Graphene nanosheets (GNPs): Graphene nanosheets have potential in the fields of electronics, catalysis and biomedicine. Carboxylation can enhance their interfacial compatibility with other materials and catalytic performance.

CD Bioparticles is a globally recognized and trusted biotechnology company with a highly skilled team of scientists with many years of experience. We have outstanding capabilities in the fields of synthesis, modification and characterization of nanoparticles. You are welcome to contact us at any time, and our senior technical experts will provide you with detailed answers.

If you don't see what you need, or don't know what you need, please Contact Us and our team will work with you to find the right solution for your analysis.

Quotations and Ordering

References

1. Daisuke Saeki, et al.; Preparation of carboxylated silver nanoparticles via a reverse micelle method and covalent stacking onto porous substrates via amide bond formation. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2018, Volume 552, Pages 98-102.
2. Deiss-Yehiely E, et al.; Carboxylated Nanoparticle Surfaces Enhance Association with Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024, 16(12):14573-14582.