Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization-Thiolation (-SH)

Thiolation (-SH) is a functional group in organic chemistry consisting of a sulfur atom and a hydrogen atom, usually denoted -SH. It is a covalent bond between a sulfur atom and a hydrogen atom that gives the molecule some specific properties and reactivity.

Nanoparticle surface thiolation (-SH) is a chemical modification process that introduces sulfhydryl (-SH) functional groups on the surface or termini of nanoparticles. This process is often used to change the properties of nanoparticles, increasing their stability, dispersion, and interaction with other molecules or surfaces. Thiolation can increase the stability of nanoparticles and prevent them from settling or aggregating in solution, thereby maintaining their dispersed state. In addition, thiolation can also introduce different functional groups, such as organic molecules or biomolecules, to give nanoparticles specific properties or uses, including biomedical applications, materials science research, etc. CD Bioparticles is dedicated to cutting-edge nanotechnology research. We have created an advanced nanomaterial modification platform that can be used to thiolation modify the side and terminal groups of various nanoparticles.

Introduction to Nanoparticle Surface Thiolation

Nanoparticle surface thiolation is a widely used chemical strategy for surface modification of nanomaterials, which can improve the dispersion, stability, and functionality of nanoparticles. This process typically involves attaching thiol molecules (usually organic sulfur compounds such as sulfhydryl compounds) to the surface of the nanoparticles, forming chemical bonds with the thiol compounds. This modification can be performed on a variety of different types of nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes.

Figure 1. Surface Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles Using a Thiol-Based Grafting-Through Approach. (Philip Biehl, et al.; 2020)

The specific features of nanoparticle surface thiolation include:

Nanoparticles offer some significant advantages in fuel contaminant cleaning, primarily related to their tiny size and specialized properties. Here are some of the advantages of nanoparticles in cleaning fuel contaminants:

• High specific surface area: Nanoparticles have extremely high specific surface area, which means their surface area is very large relative to their volume. This allows them to come into contact with pollutants more efficiently and therefore more readily adsorb or catalytically break down harmful pollutants.
• High activity: Due to their tiny size and high specific surface area, nanoparticles generally have higher activity. This allows them to carry out chemical reactions at lower temperatures or pressures and remove contaminants more efficiently.
• Tunability: The size, shape and surface properties of nanoparticles can be precisely controlled through synthetic methods to suit specific application needs. This adjustability allows them to be customized for different types of contaminant cleaning processes.
• Selectivity: By choosing appropriate nanomaterials and surface modifications, highly selective removal of specific contaminants can be achieved. This helps reduce unnecessary impact on the environment while reducing disposal costs.
• Reduced By-Products: Nanoparticle technology often reduces the production of by-products compared to traditional contaminant cleaning methods. This can reduce the risk of secondary pollution to the environment.
• Renewability: Some nanomaterials can be recycled and regenerated, reducing costs and waste generation. This contributes to sustainable environmental protection.

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• Terminal thiolation services:

In terminal thiolation, the thiol functional groups of the thiol molecules are directly attached to the surface of the nanoparticles. This type of thiolation is often used to modify the surface properties of nanoparticles, such as improving dispersion, biocompatibility, or electronic properties.

• Side group thiolation services:

Pendant thiolation involves the attachment of thiol molecules to the side chains of nanoparticles, usually via a suitable linker molecule. This type of thiolation can be used to introduce different functional groups or functional groups to tailor the nanoparticle chemistry and applications.

• Mixed thiolation services:

Mixed thiolation combines the features of terminal thiolation and side thiolation. This thiolation method can introduce thiol molecules both at the ends of the nanoparticle surface and on the side chains. This approach provides greater chemical diversity and functionality.

• Cross-linking thiolation services:

Cross-linking thiolation connects nanoparticles through cross-linking reactions between thiol molecules to form nanomaterials with a three-dimensional network structure. This type of thiolation can be used to prepare stable nanomaterial colloids or gels with good mechanical properties.

• Surface template thiolation services:

Surface-templated thiolation involves the use of molecular templates to guide the arrangement of thiol molecules on the nanoparticle surface. This method can be used to prepare nanomaterials with specific arrangement structures, with predetermined properties and applications.

• Functional thiolation services:

This type of thiolation involves the introduction of specific functional groups such as bioactive molecules, photosensitive dyes, or fluorescent tagging agents. This makes nanoparticles more widely useful in areas such as biology, drug delivery, and optical applications.

CD Bioparticles is a globally recognized and trusted biotechnology company with a highly skilled team of scientists with many years of experience. We have outstanding capabilities in the fields of synthesis, modification and characterization of nanoparticles. You are welcome to contact us at any time, and our senior technical experts will provide you with detailed answers.

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References

1. Philip Biehl, et al.; Surface Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles Using a Thiol-Based Grafting-Through Approach. Surfaces. 2020, 3(1), 116-131.
2. Knoll P, et al.; Lipid-based nanoparticles: Enhanced cellular uptake via surface thiolation. Int J Pharm. 2023, 635:122753.
3. Al Mahrooqi JH, et al.; Thiolated and PEGylated silica nanoparticle delivery to hair follicles. Int J Pharm. 2021, 593:120130.