Nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery

Shah, A; Aftab, S; Nisar, J; Ashiq, MN; Iftikhar, FJ

Abstract

The use of nanotechnology in targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) is the subject of extensive investigations due to limitations associated with traditional forms of drug delivery vehicles. A targeted DDS can improve the delivery and local concentration of drugs. The use of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials for delivering drugs to the targeted zone of action is preferred owing to their optimal size and drug loading and releasing characteristics. The ability of nanodelivery systems to cross the blood brain barrier is expected to open new avenues for carrying drugs inside the brain. Moreover, nanocarriers with conjugated drugs can improve the biological distribution of medications as well as enhance their circulation in blood stream. The current review article presents the role of nanocarriers as bearer of drug delivery frameworks for achieving efficient therapeutic results. Here the focus is on the latest advancements in modifications of nanocarriers for application as targeted DDS. Controllable shapes and high surface to volume proportions make NPs as incredible candidates for drug delivery applications. Various examples discussed in this article decipher the role of nanodelivery systems as a presumptive power tool for the delivery of both single and multimodal medicines.

Keywords: Targeted drug delivery; Blood brain barrier; Nanotechnology; Controlled release; Efficient therapy

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Biopolymers & Synthetic Polymers

Biopolymers and synthetic polymers play crucial roles in targeted drug delivery systems, each offering unique advantages. Biopolymers, derived from natural sources like polysaccharides and proteins, provide biocompatibility and biodegradability, which enhance the safety and efficacy of drug delivery. Examples include alginate, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid, which can be tailored to release drugs in response to specific biological stimuli. Synthetic polymers, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), offer the ability to precisely control drug release rates and improve stability. By combining these polymers or engineering them to respond to physiological triggers, researchers can create sophisticated drug delivery systems that target specific tissues or cells. This synergy not only enhances therapeutic outcomes but also reduces side effects, making the approach highly effective for a range of medical applications, from cancer therapy to chronic disease management.