A Review of Biodegradable Natural Polymer-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Applications

Idrees, H; Zaidi, SZJ; Sabir, A; Khan, RU; Zhang, XL; Hassan, SU

Abstract

Biodegradable natural polymers have been investigated extensively as the best choice for encapsulation and delivery of drugs. The research has attracted remarkable attention in the pharmaceutical industry. The shortcomings of conventional dosage systems, along with modified and targeted drug delivery methods, are addressed by using polymers with improved bioavailability, biocompatibility, and lower toxicity. Therefore, nanomedicines are now considered to be an innovative type of medication. This review critically examines the use of natural biodegradable polymers and their drug delivery systems for local or targeted and controlled/sustained drug release against fatal diseases.

Keywords: polymers; biodegradable; nanoparticles; drug delivery; pharmaceutical

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Biodegradable Polymers

Biodegradable natural polymer-based nanoparticles are at the forefront of innovative drug delivery systems, offering a safer and more effective way to administer medications. These nanoparticles are made from natural polymers such as chitosan, alginate, and gelatin, which are biocompatible and biodegradable. This means that they can be safely broken down and absorbed by the body without causing harmful side effects, making them ideal carriers for therapeutic agents. The small size and unique properties of these nanoparticles allow them to encapsulate a variety of drugs, protecting the active ingredients from degradation before they reach their target. This encapsulation also enables controlled and sustained release of the medication, ensuring that the drug is delivered at a consistent rate over a period of time. This can improve the efficacy of treatments and reduce the frequency of dosing, enhancing patient compliance. Additionally, natural polymer-based nanoparticles can be engineered to target specific cells or tissues, thereby increasing the concentration of the drug at the desired site and minimizing its impact on healthy tissues. This targeted delivery is particularly beneficial in treating conditions like cancer, where it is crucial to attack malignant cells while sparing normal ones.