What Is Drug Controlled Release Nanotechnology
The positioning, timing and constant release of pharmaceutical preparations have always been the focus of pharmaceutics research. Special drug delivery systems are prepared by a variety of physical, chemical, and biological methods to control drug release behavior, release the drug at a fixed site of the organism, release it within a predetermined time, or release at a predetermined rate. Compared with common preparations, the controlled release drug delivery system has the advantages of less administration times, stable blood concentration, less drug irritation, and high bioavailability of the drug.
Nanotechnology is used to prepare drug carriers by embedding, encapsulating, adsorbing or chemically binding the nanocarrier system. Specific carrier types include nanoparticles, nanocapsules, nanoliposomes, nanoemulsions, polymeric micelles, and the like. The nano drug delivery system can release the drug at a certain rate in the body at a certain rate, and the mechanism includes: 1. the nano-size effect of the carrier can significantly change the absorption and distribution of the drug in vivo, generate targeting and promote mucosal and skin permeation; 2. protection and isolation of the carrier increases drug stability and delays drug release; 3. adjustment of the internal structure or surface properties of the nanocarrier can adjust the drug release rate and time.
Nanotechnology is used for drug controlled release, generally in a multi-phase release mode. The drug will be initially released quickly or burst release, and then slowly. Factors such as different drug loading methods, drug properties and preparation methods will affect the proportion of burst drug release. The multi-phase release mode of the nano drug delivery system is not only manifested in in vitro release, but also occurs when released in vivo. Although the burst release affects the controlled release of the drug, rapid release also helps the drug to work quickly.
The use of nanotechnology for sustained release of drugs can solve many long-standing technical problems in pharmaceutics. Compared with classical oral sustained-release carriers (including gel skeleton sustained-release tablets, membrane-controlled sustained-release pellets, and osmotic pump controlled release tablets), the nano-controlled release carrier system still has large gaps in theoretically studied, prepared and applied. The main problems include: the issue of burst release has always been the bottleneck of the development of nano-formulation; the preparation technology is mostly in the laboratory stage, and there are few reports on the process of industrialization amplification; extensive research studied controlled release in vitro, however, most in vivo process studies are still in animal testing. Therefore, if nano-controlled release system wants to become a common clinical dosage form, it needs a lot of human clinical trials to prove it. Despite the many shortcomings, many of the unique advantages of nanocarriers are unmatched by traditional pharmaceutical dosage forms. As nanotechnology matures, the above problems will be gradually resolved.