Cancer is an important cause of death in humans. Current treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy are often accompanied by significant side effects and drug resistance. Nanomedicine has become the preferred solution for improving biocompatibility and biodegradable systems. Nowadays, nanoparticles are not only widely used in treatment, but also show great potential in the field of diagnosis. Exosomes as nanocarriers have the characteristics of high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and excellent penetration ability, and have broad development prospects in tumor diagnosis and treatment. Exosomes were first discovered in 1986. They are nanoscale (40-150 nm) small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells. Cell membrane proteins and extracellular components fuse with each other…

Extracellular vesicles are a series of membrane-structured vesicles released by cells, including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Extracellular vesicles are composed of various lipids and membrane proteins, some of which special membrane proteins help target specific tissues and cells, while others ensure that non-specific interactions are minimized, these physiological properties endow Thanks to their excellent biocompatibility and ability to target lesions, extracellular vesicles can be widely used in research in the field of drug delivery. Compared with exosomes and microvesicles produced by living cells, apoptotic bodies derived from apoptotic cells have a higher production efficiency. Apoptosis is a natural process in which cells actively package biomolecules into vesicles. Based on…

In recent years, biomimetic nanomedicine combined with the unique functions of natural biomaterials and the versatility of artificial nanomaterials has attracted widespread attention for drug delivery. In 2019, the study Tumor exosome-based nanoparticles are efficient drug carriers for chemotherapy published in Nature Communications have showed that exosomes-biomimetic nanoparticles have the potential to improve anti-cancer efficacy as drug carriers. Moreover, because such nanoparticles can effectively kill tumor stem cells, it is expected to solve major problems such as tumor recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. Exosomes are cell vesicles that contain complex RNA and proteins. Their size is in the nanometer range (30-150 nanometers in diameter), and they can be secreted by a variety of cells under…