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Nanocarrier System Targeting Stromal Organelles
With the development of biomedicine, some diseases are clinically found to be caused by organelle lesions. And the drugs used to treat these diseases not only need to cross the cell membrane to enter the cell, but also need to target specific organelles to play a role. Therefore, in the development of drugs for these diseases, suitable carriers are needed to help the drugs target the target organelles. With the development of nanotechnology, researchers have found that nanosystems have obvious advantages in the field of organelle targeting. Therefore, more and more nanoparticles are used to target the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and mitochondria. Mitochondrial Targeting Mitochondria play a very important role…
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Nuclear Targeted Nano Drug Carrier
The nucleus is the place where the genetic material in the cell is stored, copied and transcribed, and plays an important role in the metabolism, growth and differentiation of the cell. Therefore, the nucleus is also the site of action for various drugs such as DNA, intercalators, alkylating agents, and topoisomerase inhibitors. The nuclear membrane is composed of two layers of membranes on which nuclear pore complexes (NPCS) exist. The nuclear membrane will disappear only when the cell undergoes mitosis. In other cases, the only way for large molecules to enter the nucleus is the nuclear pore complex, which allows particles with a diameter of 9 nm or molecules with a…
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Cytoplasm Targeted Nano Drug Carrier
The cytoplasm is the general term for all translucent, colloidal, granular materials except the nuclear area surrounded by the cytoplasmic membrane, and is composed of the cytoplasmic matrix, endomembrane system, cytoskeleton, and inclusions. Among them, the cytoplasmic matrix, also known as cytosol, is a homogeneous and translucent colloid in the cytoplasm, which is filled between other tangible structures; its main function is to provide an ionic environment for various organelles to maintain their normal structure and supply all substrates for various organelles to complete functional activities, and is also the venue for certain biochemical activities. The importance of cytoplasmic matrix transport is not only due to the existence of multiple drug targets in the matrix…
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Colon-Targeted Nanoparticles
The colon is located between the cecum and rectum and is divided into four parts: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon. Its main function is to absorb water and electrolytes and solidify the contents into feces. The colon cannot actively absorb substances such as sugar, amino acids, and small molecule peptides. Its absorption function is mainly achieved by the content of the colon staying for a long time. Some drugs can be absorbed by passive diffusion. The physiological environment of the colon has the following characteristics: ① The pH is generally 6.5 to 7.5, which varies depending on the diet structure and physiological…
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Eye Targeted Nano Drug Delivery System
The eye is divided into anterior and posterior segments. The anterior segment includes the cornea, conjunctiva, iris, aqueous humor, and ciliary body. The posterior segment includes the vitreous, retina, choroid, and sclera. The physiological barriers of the eye include the corneal and conjunctival barriers, the aqueous humoral barrier, and the blood-retinal barrier. The cornea and retina are barriers that are not easily penetrated by drugs. The drug absorption of eye drops usually has a corneal route and a non-corneal route. Fat-soluble drugs enter the aqueous humor from tears mainly through the corneal pathway. In the non-corneal pathway, the drug penetrates into the human eye tissue through the conjunctiva and sclera,…
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Kidney-targeted Nanoparticles
Common kidney diseases include pathological changes in primary and secondary glomeruli, renal tubules, renal mediators, and renal blood vessels. In the clinical treatment of kidney disease, hormone shock treatment is often used, supplemented by triptolide tablets and other drugs for maintenance treatment. The toxic and side effects of large doses of hormones and maintenance drugs severely limit the continuous treatment of kidney disease. When kidney disease develops to a later stage, chronic renal failure will occur, and patients have to rely on expensive hemodialysis or kidney transplantation to prolong life, which will bring a heavy burden on patients’ families and society. It is of great significance to research and develop…
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Bone-targeting Nano-drug Delivery System
Bone is an important part of the human body and is composed of periosteum, bone and bone marrow. Normal bones are always in the dynamic equilibrium of bone formation and bone resorption in bone reconstruction, and they coordinate with each other to maintain the physiological functions of bones. If the pathological change occurs during normal bone reconstruction, various bone diseases such as osteoporosis, deformity osteitis, bone metastases, primary and secondary bone tumors, and osteoarthritis will occur. Due to the high hardness, poor permeability, and special physiological and biochemical processes of the bone tissue, it is difficult for the general route of administration to transport the drug to the lesion site.…
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How The Nano-Drug Delivery System Performs Brain Targeting
Brain diseases such as brain tumors, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, central nervous system infections, chronic pain, drug addiction, periodic migraine, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and schizophrenia are the threat of human body and mind of improtant diseases of health. However, during the treatment process, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most drugs from entering the brain, resulting in poor drug effects. Brain targeted delivery of drugs to the brain is to use various techniques to promote the drug to break through the BBB into the brain. The current brain targeted delivery methods mainly include changing the physicochemical properties of the drug, preparing prodrugs, and carriers. Among them, nanocarriers have attracted much attention…
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How To Achieve Lung Targeting By Nano Drug Carrier
Due to the increasing environmental pollution and the harm of smoking, lung diseases have become an important factor affecting human health. One of the more serious diseases is lung cancer. Lung cancer is a malignant lung tumor that results from the uncontrolled growth of lung tissue cells. If left untreated, the tumor cells will metastasize to nearby tissues or elsewhere in the body. The most common primary malignant tumor of the lung is epithelial cancer, which can be roughly divided into small cell carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC). The most common symptoms of lung cancer are cough (including hemoptysis), weight loss, shortness of breath, and chest pain. The majority (85%) of patients with lung…
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How Does The Nano-Drug Delivery System Achieve Lymphatic Targeting
Physiological characteristics of lymph The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic channels, lymphoid organs, and lymphoid tissues. Colorless and transparent lymph fluid flows in the lymph system. Lymphatic vessels include capillary lymphatic vessels, lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic ducts. Lymphatic organs include lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen. When blood flows through the capillaries, part of the liquid substance seeps into the interstitial space, forming interstitial fluid. Most are absorbed into the blood through the venous ends of the capillaries, and a small part of the water content and the interstitial fluid of macromolecules enter the capillary lymphatic vessels to become lymph. The lymph flows to the heart along the lymph vessels at…
