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Nuclear Targeted Nano Drug Carrier
The nucleus is the place where the genetic material in the cell is stored, copied and transcribed, and plays an important role in the metabolism, growth and differentiation of the cell. Therefore, the nucleus is also the site of action for various drugs such as DNA, intercalators, alkylating agents, and topoisomerase inhibitors. The nuclear membrane is composed of two layers of membranes on which nuclear pore complexes (NPCS) exist. The nuclear membrane will disappear only when the cell undergoes mitosis. In other cases, the only way for large molecules to enter the nucleus is the nuclear pore complex, which allows particles with a diameter of 9 nm or molecules with a…
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Cytoplasm Targeted Nano Drug Carrier
The cytoplasm is the general term for all translucent, colloidal, granular materials except the nuclear area surrounded by the cytoplasmic membrane, and is composed of the cytoplasmic matrix, endomembrane system, cytoskeleton, and inclusions. Among them, the cytoplasmic matrix, also known as cytosol, is a homogeneous and translucent colloid in the cytoplasm, which is filled between other tangible structures; its main function is to provide an ionic environment for various organelles to maintain their normal structure and supply all substrates for various organelles to complete functional activities, and is also the venue for certain biochemical activities. The importance of cytoplasmic matrix transport is not only due to the existence of multiple drug targets in the matrix…
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Colon-Targeted Nanoparticles
The colon is located between the cecum and rectum and is divided into four parts: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon. Its main function is to absorb water and electrolytes and solidify the contents into feces. The colon cannot actively absorb substances such as sugar, amino acids, and small molecule peptides. Its absorption function is mainly achieved by the content of the colon staying for a long time. Some drugs can be absorbed by passive diffusion. The physiological environment of the colon has the following characteristics: ① The pH is generally 6.5 to 7.5, which varies depending on the diet structure and physiological…
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Eye Targeted Nano Drug Delivery System
The eye is divided into anterior and posterior segments. The anterior segment includes the cornea, conjunctiva, iris, aqueous humor, and ciliary body. The posterior segment includes the vitreous, retina, choroid, and sclera. The physiological barriers of the eye include the corneal and conjunctival barriers, the aqueous humoral barrier, and the blood-retinal barrier. The cornea and retina are barriers that are not easily penetrated by drugs. The drug absorption of eye drops usually has a corneal route and a non-corneal route. Fat-soluble drugs enter the aqueous humor from tears mainly through the corneal pathway. In the non-corneal pathway, the drug penetrates into the human eye tissue through the conjunctiva and sclera,…
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Kidney-targeted Nanoparticles
Common kidney diseases include pathological changes in primary and secondary glomeruli, renal tubules, renal mediators, and renal blood vessels. In the clinical treatment of kidney disease, hormone shock treatment is often used, supplemented by triptolide tablets and other drugs for maintenance treatment. The toxic and side effects of large doses of hormones and maintenance drugs severely limit the continuous treatment of kidney disease. When kidney disease develops to a later stage, chronic renal failure will occur, and patients have to rely on expensive hemodialysis or kidney transplantation to prolong life, which will bring a heavy burden on patients’ families and society. It is of great significance to research and develop…
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Bone-targeting Nano-drug Delivery System
Bone is an important part of the human body and is composed of periosteum, bone and bone marrow. Normal bones are always in the dynamic equilibrium of bone formation and bone resorption in bone reconstruction, and they coordinate with each other to maintain the physiological functions of bones. If the pathological change occurs during normal bone reconstruction, various bone diseases such as osteoporosis, deformity osteitis, bone metastases, primary and secondary bone tumors, and osteoarthritis will occur. Due to the high hardness, poor permeability, and special physiological and biochemical processes of the bone tissue, it is difficult for the general route of administration to transport the drug to the lesion site.…
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The Mystery Of Cationic Nanocarrier Toxicity
With the application of nanotechnology in the field of medicine, lipid- or polymer-based nanocarriers are becoming the mainstream for delivering small-molecule drugs and large molecules, which has increased the effectiveness of drugs and simplified their administration. Nano-scale carriers not only The advantages of nanomaterials, as well as novel properties and functions, such as the ability to interact with complex cell functions in new ways, can create new biomedical applications. In addition, by designing physicochemical properties or surface modification, nanocarriers have multiple potentials for targeted drug delivery to specific sites. Among them, surface charge is one of the important characteristics of nanoparticles. Positively-charged nanocarriers formed from cationic lipids or polymers are most commonly used in…
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Nanoparticles Vector Can Screens Release Peptides For Efficient Gene Delivery
For many years, gene therapy has attracted the attention of scientists all over the world due to its nature of fundamentally treating diseases, in order to overcome genetic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. However, nucleic acid-based drugs, including transgene-containing plasmids, SiRNAs, antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers, and ribozymes, have not achieved the expected results in clinical trials. The reason is that some extracellular and intracellular barriers hinder the bioavailability of these drugs at their site of action. Therefore, a delivery system that can overcome these obstacles is necessary. Over the past few decades, scientists have developed viral and non-viral vectors to deliver genetic drugs into cells of the body.…
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How The Nano-Drug Delivery System Performs Brain Targeting
Brain diseases such as brain tumors, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, central nervous system infections, chronic pain, drug addiction, periodic migraine, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and schizophrenia are the threat of human body and mind of improtant diseases of health. However, during the treatment process, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most drugs from entering the brain, resulting in poor drug effects. Brain targeted delivery of drugs to the brain is to use various techniques to promote the drug to break through the BBB into the brain. The current brain targeted delivery methods mainly include changing the physicochemical properties of the drug, preparing prodrugs, and carriers. Among them, nanocarriers have attracted much attention…
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How Integrin-Targeted Plaga-Chitosan Nanoparticles Are Used In Tumor Treatment
Since most chemotherapeutic drugs are toxic to normal cells, it is an important goal for cancer drug carrier development to achieve the appropriate concentration of therapeutic drugs at the location of cancer cells while reducing the exposure of normal cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemotherapy is non-specific for normal cytotoxicity, mainly dose-dependent toxicity. Studies have found that targeted drug delivery systems show a higher affinity for tumor cells. Therefore, targeted nanoparticle-based drug delivery is a promising method to overcome this challenge. In lung cancer clinical studies, overexpressing receptors on cancer cell surfaces are often used as targets for therapeutic and ligand / antibody-modified nanodrug delivery vehicles. Previous studies have shown that…
