Cells-Nanoparticles Conjugates Services

Engineering mammalian cell surfaces with nanoparticles is a rapid, easy, and broadly applicable method for remodeling cell chemistry to introduce unnatural functions. CD Bioparticles is dedicated to cutting-edge nanotechnology research. We have created an advanced nanoparticle bioconjugation platform that includes custom synthesized protein-nanoparticle conjugates, peptide-nanoparticle conjugates, nucleic acid-nanoparticle conjugates, carbohydrate-nanoparticle conjugates, enzymes - Nanoparticle conjugates, virus-nanoparticle conjugates, liposome-nanoparticle conjugates services, and subsequent product formulation development and related characterization services.

Introduction to Cells-Nanoparticles Conjugates

Cell surface engineering is a unique technology at its core that personalizes the cell surface to modulate cell function and interactions. Cell surfaces constitute a highly diverse microenvironment, exhibiting a wide variety of protein, polysaccharide, and lipid components. These structures have critical roles in manipulating cell fate, including regulation of cell-cell interactions, communication of cells with their ecological environment, and modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. The cell surface has different bioactive functional groups, such as amine, sulfhydryl and carbonyl, which can modify the cell surface and provide a variety of target options for the introduction of exogenous functions.

Figure 1. Stable conjugation of nanoparticles (NPs) to the surfaces of T cells and HSCs via cell-surface thiols. (Matthias T Stephan, et al.; 2010)

Since the cell surface is closely related to the function of the cell, the use of polymer nanoparticles to construct the cell membrane to regulate the biochemical characteristics and functions of the cell provides new opportunities for the research of drug delivery, cell therapy, blood transfusion, tissue engineering and basic cell biology. The fusion of cells and polymers can improve in vivo compatibility, reduce immune response and enzymatic degradation, which brings a new perspective to the application fields of basic research of cell biology, blood transfusion, cell therapy and tissue engineering.

The specific features of cells-nanoparticles conjugates include:

• Enhanced targeted delivery: Attaching nanoparticles to the cell surface can enhance the cell's ability to deliver substances toward a specific target area. This is critical for drug delivery and therapy targeting specific tissues or cells.
• Improve cell stability: Nanoparticles can provide additional cell protection and enhance cell stability and survival time. This is critical in in vivo settings where cellular function and effects need to be maintained over extended periods of time, especially in cell therapy.
• Enhanced drug delivery: Nanoparticle-modified cells can be used as carriers for drug delivery. Through the modification of the surface of nanoparticles, the drug load can be increased, drug stability can be improved, and drug release can be controlled.
• Biosensing and imaging: The unique optical and magnetic properties of nanoparticles can be used to realize biosensing and imaging of cells. This helps monitor cell status, localize cell location, and provide real-time biological information.
• Immunomodulation: The modification of nanoparticles can regulate the interaction between cells and the immune system, reducing immune rejection in cell therapy.

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Covalent Modification of Living Cells

Although the cell surface has a variety of functional groups, only a small number of functional groups can react in the complex and heterogeneous environment of the cell surface. Among them, lysine (amine, -NH₂) and cysteine (sulfhydryl, -SH) side chains are the most commonly used residues for direct covalent attachment of polymers to cell surfaces. This modification method is considered simple and straightforward as the cells do not need to undergo any pretreatment. However, exogenous ligation substrates require pre-activation prior to delivery to the cell surface. With rich experience in nanoparticle modification, CD Bioparticles has developed a highly integrated platform for the covalent coupling of living cells to polymers with different functional groups. Our covalent modification strategies include:

• Amine Reaction Strategy
• Sulfhydryl Reaction Strategy

Cell Surface Induced Aggregation

Initiation of polymer synthesis via the cell surface offers unique advantages over proteins in terms of altering the physical properties of the modified surface, introducing secondary interacting functional groups, and providing the opportunity to generate cell-polymer hybrid structures. CD Bioparticles is dedicated to providing flexible polymer conjugation strategies to living cells at competitive prices. At CD Bioparticles, we provide a wide range of cell bioconjugation services (including red blood cells, white blood cells (lymphocytes, macrophages), stem cells (pluripotent and pluripotent), islet cells, cancer cells and endothelial cells) to global clients through A comprehensive and advanced platform to accelerate new drug discovery.

The applications of cells-nanoparticles conjugates include:

• Cancer treatment: Immune cells modified with nanoparticles can be applied in cancer immunotherapy, enhancing the resistance of immune cells against tumors and targeting cancer cells in vivo.
• Tissue engineering: Cells modified by nanoparticles can play a role in tissue engineering, helping cells grow and differentiate in a directed way, and achieve tissue repair and regeneration.
• Neuroscience applications: Nerve cells modified by nanoparticles can be used in neuroscience research to help researchers better understand the functions and mechanisms of the nervous system.
• Drug screening and toxicity testing: Cells modified with nanoparticles can be used in drug screening and toxicity testing to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug candidates.
• Disease model construction: By modifying cells, in vitro models of specific diseases can be constructed for research on disease mechanisms, drug development, etc.
• Biosensors: Cells modified with nanoparticles can be used as biosensors to detect biomarkers or environmental factors, enabling rapid and sensitive detection.

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References

1. Weil, T. et al.; Polymer bioconjugates: modern design concepts toward precision hybrid materials. Progress in Polymer Science. 2020, 105: 101241.
2. Gibson, M.I. et al.; Engineering cell durfaces bycovalent grafting of synthetic polymers to metabolically-labeled glycans. ACS Macro Lett. 2018, 7: 1289-1294.
3. Matthias T Stephan, et al.; Therapeutic cell engineering with surface-conjugated synthetic nanoparticles. Nature Medicine. 2010, volume 16, pages1035–1041.